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Protons are positively charged subatomic particles found within the nucleus of an atom. Discovered by Ernest Rutherford in 1917, protons are crucial for determining the chemical properties of an element. Together with neutrons, they make up the atomic nucleus, which is the central core of an atom. One of the unique characteristics of protons is their ability to attract negatively charged electrons, creating a stable atomic structure. In addition, protons play a vital role in nuclear reactions and fusion processes, such as those that occur in the sun. Protons are classified as elementary particles, meaning they are not composed of smaller particles. They are believed to be made up of quarks, which are even smaller particles that exist within protons and neutrons. In conclusion, protons are essential building blocks of matter and play a crucial role in the structure and behavior of atoms. Studying the properties of protons helps scientists better understand the nature of the universe at a fundamental level.